Bocio endémico en la Comunidad Valenciana / Endemic goiter in the autonomous community of Valencia (Spain)

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[Endemic goiter and iodine deficiency: are they still a reality in Spain]. / Bocio endémico y déficit de yodo: 'sigue siendo una realidad en España?

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of goiter and iodine deficiency in a health district in the Autonomous Community of Valencia, given the absence of data in this region of Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, epidemiologic, cross-sectional study, stratified by age and sex, in four interior regions of the province of Valencia. We selected students aged from 6 to 14 years old in 20 centers. Thyroid examination was performed by means of palpation and inspection (goiter > or = 0B). Urinary iodine excretion was analyzed in a routine urine sample. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data, as well as nutritional iodine status, were recorded in a standardized survey. In children with goiter, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4, and antithyroid antibodies were determined. RESULTS: We studied 928 children (478 boys and 450 girls). The prevalence of goiter was 33.7 % (95 % CI: 30.7-36.9 %). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of goiter by age or sex, but an inverse correlation was detected between the prevalence of goiter and parental socioeconomic position. Mean urinary iodine excretion was 155 .g/l, with no significant correlation with the prevalence of goiter. In children with goiter, 13 had positive antithyroid antibodies, 18 had high TSH (subclinical hypothyroidism), and one had suppressed TSH (subclinical hyperthyroidism). CONCLUSIONS: There is endemic goiter in the region studied. Urinary iodine levels were in the normal range and could be interpreted as indicating a transition phase to an improvement in iodine deficiency. Autoimmune diseases would only explain 4 % of cases of goiter.

Bocio endémico y déficit de yodo: ¿sigue siendo una realidad en España? / Endemic goiter and iodine deficiency: are they still a reality in Spain?

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de bocio y déficit de yodo en comarcas del interior de la Comunidad Valenciana, dada la ausencia de datos en esta comunidad autónoma. Material y métodos Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo, transversal, estratificado por sexo y edad en cuatro comarcas del interior de la provincia de Valencia. Se estudiaron escolares de 6 a 14 años en 20 centros. La exploración tiroidea se realizó mediante palpación e inspección (bocio ≥ 0B). Se determinó la yoduria en una muestra de orina casual. Se recogieron datos de filiación, antropométricos, y una encuesta sobre el estado nutricional de yodo. En niños con bocio se determinó la hormona tiroestimulante (TSH), la tiroxina libre (T4L) y los anticuerpos antitiroideos. Resultados Se estudiaron 928 niños (478 varones y 450 mujeres). La prevalencia de bocio fue de 33,7 % (IC 95 %: 30,7-36,9). No se hallaron diferencias significativas por edad ni por sexo, aunque sí una correlación inversamente proporcional entre prevalencia de bocio y nivel instrucción paternos. La mediana de yoduria fue 155 μg/l, sin observar una correlación significativa con la prevalencia de bocio. Entre los niños con bocio 13 presentaron los anticuerpos antitiroideos positivos, 18 la TSH elevada (hipotiroidismo subclínico) y uno la TSH suprimida (hipertiroidismo subclínico). Conclusiones Existe una endemia bociosa en las comarcas estudiadas de la Comunidad Valenciana. Los valores de yodurias normales podrían interpretarse como una fase de transición hacia una mejoría del déficit de yodo en esta zona. La patología autoinmune explicaría sólo un 4 % de bocios

Objective To estimate the prevalence of goiter and iodine deficiency in a health district in the Autonomous Community of Valencia, given the absence of data in this region of Spain. Material and methods We conducted a descriptive, epidemiologic, cross-sectional study, stratified by age and sex, in four interior regions of the province of Valencia. We selected students aged from 6 to 14 years old in 20 centers. Thyroid examination was performed by means of palpation and inspection (goiter ≥ 0B). Urinary iodine excretion was analyzed in a routine urine sample. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data, as well as nutritional iodine status, were recorded in a standardized survey. In children with goiter, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4, and antithyroid antibodies were determined. Results We studied 928 children (478 boys and 450 girls). The prevalence of goiter was 33.7 % (95 % CI: 30.7-36.9 %). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of goiter by age or sex, but an inverse correlation was detected between the prevalence of goiter and parental socioeconomic position. Mean urinary iodine excretion was 155 μg/l, with no significant correlation with the prevalence of goiter. In children with goiter, 13 had positive antithyroid antibodies, 18 had high TSH (subclinical hypothyroidism), and one had suppressed TSH (subclinical hyperthyroidism). Conclusions There is endemic goiter in the region studied. Urinary iodine levels were in the normal range and could be interpreted as indicating a transition phase to an improvement in iodine deficiency. Autoimmune diseases would only explain 4 % of cases of goiter

Utilidad de la anestesia local del plexo periprostático en el control del dolor en las biopsias prostáticas guiadas con ecografía / Utility of local anestesia of the periprostatic plexus in the control of the pain in the ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy

Objetivo: La anestesia del plexo periprostático (APP) no es práctica habitual durante la biopsia prostática (BP).Muchos pacientes deben someterse a una segunda, o más, BP por sospecha de carcinoma. El dolor influye en la repetición de la misma pues determina que muchos pacientes rechacen el procedimiento o que éste deba realizarse en quirófano bajo anestesia. Nuestro objetivo fue valorar la utilidad de la APP en la supresión del dolor producido durante la realización de la BP así como la aceptación del procedimiento realizado en estas condiciones. Material y métodos: De octubre del 2002 a junio del 2003 planteamos un trabajo prospectivo con casos y controles en el que incluimos aleatoriamente 275 pacientes de dos centros para BP. En el primer centro se incluyeron 101 varones a los que no se les realizó APP, mientras que en el segundo fueron 174 los pacientes sometidos a BP tras APP. Usamos hasta 10 ml de lidocaína al 2% diluida al 50% administrada mediante una aguja fina del calibre 22. Al final del procedimiento se invitó al paciente a rellenar un cuestionario de satisfacción y evaluación del dolor. Resultados: En el grupo de pacientes del segundo centro se obtuvieron valores medios significativamente inferiores (p<0,005, IC 95%) en la valoración cuantitativa del dolor, que en el grupo del primer centro (1,24±0,4 vs. 2,5±1,1).Respecto a la posibilidad, si fuese necesario, de repetir la BP, a ninguno de los pacientes del segundo centro le importaría, mientras que el 10% del primer centro no la repetirían o la aceptarían sólo bajo anestesia. No se produjeron complicaciones atribuibles a la APP. Conclusión: La APP es una técnica segura que reduce significativamente el dolor durante la BP, mejorando la aceptación de la misma (AU)

Objetive: Periprostatic plexus anesthesia (PPA) is not current practice during prostate ultrasound-guided biopsy (PB). Many patients must undergo a second or more PB if a prostate carcinoma is suspected. Due to pain, many patients reject the procedure, or it has to be performed with general anesthesia. Our objective was to evaluate the utility of PPA to eliminate the pain caused by PB, as well as the acceptance of the procedure under these conditions. Patients and Methods: Between october 2002 and june 2003 we designed a randomized prospective study with 275 patients that were seen in 2 different hospitals and required PB. In the 1st group we included 101 males who underwent PB without PA. In the other group, 174 male patients submitted PB after PPA were included. 10 cc lidocaine, 2% diluted 50% was injected with a 22g needle. At the end of the procedure, patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire about their satisfaction and degree of pain felt. Results: In the second group of patients we obtained significantly inferior values (p<0.005, IC 95%) in the quantitative evaluation of pain compared with the first group (1.24±0.4 vs. 2.5 ±1.1). Ask per the possibility of repeating PB if it were necessary, none of the patients in the 2nd group would object, whereas 10% in the 1st group would not have the biopsy repeated or would only accept it if it was done with general anesthesia. No complications due to PPA were found. Conclusion: PPA is a safe procedure that significantly reduces pain during PB, improving its acquiescence among patients (AU)

[Utility of local anesthesia of the periprostatic plexus in the control of the pain in the ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy]. / Utilidad de la anestesia local del plexo periprostático en el control del dolor en las biopsias prostáticas guiadas con ecografía.

OBJECTIVE: Periprostatic plexus anesthesia (PPA) is not current practice during prostate ultrasound-guided biopsy (PB). Many patients must undergo a second or more PB if a prostate carcinoma is suspected. Due to pain, many patients reject the procedure, or it has to be performed with general anesthesia. Our objective was to evaluate the utility of PPA to eliminate the pain caused by PB, as well as the acceptance of the procedure under these conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between october 2002 and june 2003 we designed a randomized prospective study with 275 patients that were seen in 2 different hospitals and required PB. In the 1st group we included 101 males who underwent PB without PA. In the other group, 174 male patients submitted PB after PPA were included. 10 cc lidocaine, 2% diluted 50% was injected with a 22g needle. At the end of the procedure, patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire about their satisfaction and degree of pain felt. RESULTS: In the second group of patients we obtained significantly inferior values (p < 0.005, IC 95%) in the quantitative evaluation of pain compared with the first group (1.24 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.5 +/- 1.1). Ask per the possibility of repeating PB if it were necessary, none of the patients in the 2nd group would object, whereas 10% in the 1st group would not have the biopsy repeated or would only accept it if it was done with general anesthesia. No complications due to PPA were found. CONCLUSION: PPA is a safe procedure that significantly reduces pain during PB, improving its acquiescence among patients.

[Tracheopatia osteochondroplastica. A case report]. / Traqueopatía osteocondroplástica. A propósito de un caso.

Tracheoplastia osteoplastica is a rare benign disease of the trachea and major bronchi that is characterized by bony and cartilaginous submucosal nodules covered by normal mucosa. Localized lesions rarely produce clinical manifestations and most symptomatic patients have extensive, diffuse lesions. The bronchoscopic findings are typical and the diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy. We report a case of tracheopathia osteoplastica diagnosed by bronchoscopy in a 64-year-old woman.

Desmoplastic fibroma of the skull. Case report.

Desmoplastic fibroma is a rare benign neoplasm of bone; only three cases have been reported involving the skull. The radiographic and histological aspects of a case of desmoplastic fibroma involving the parietal bone are reported.

Infected intraabdominal hematomas: percutaneous drainage.

Percutaneous drainage of infected intraabdominal hematomas has often been contraindicated due to its greater number of complications. The results of percutaneous drainage of infected localized hematomas in five cases are described, two in the lesser sac and three in the right subphrenic space. The catheter size ranged from 8.4 to 24 French. Mean maintenance time of the drainage was 37 days. Drainage tube obstruction occurred in three patients, in two of whom the drainage tube had to be changed for one with a broader gauge. Hematomas were completely resolved in all the cases. We describe our experience with one patient in whom we used intracavitary urokinase who showed successful results. Percutaneous drainage is not contraindicated in the management of infected hematomas, although the drainage tube must be closely controlled; drainage time may be longer than in other types of abscesses.